2019年管理類聯(lián)考英語二真題及答案

Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

 
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderfulway to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. ＿1＿ when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ＿2＿ .
As for me, weighing myself every day causedme to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active tofocusing ＿3＿ on the scale. That was bad to myoverall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, butthinking only of ＿4＿ the number on the scale, I alteredmy training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to ＿5＿ my goals.
I also found weighing myself daily did notprovide an accurate ＿6＿ of the hardwork and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to amonth to notice significant changes in weight ＿7＿ alteringyour training program. The most ＿8＿ changes willbe observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these ＿9＿ , I stoppedweighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule ＿10＿ . Since weight loss is not mygoal, it is less important for me to ＿11＿ my weighteach week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and ＿12＿ any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to ＿13＿ my training program.
I also use my bimonthly weigh-in ＿14＿ to get information about my nutrition as well. If my trainingintensity remains the same, but I’m constantly ＿15＿ and droppingweight, this is a ＿16＿ that I needto increase my daily caloric intake.
The ＿17＿ to stopweighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness andwell-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longercarry the burden of a ＿18＿ morningweigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specificfitness goals, ＿19＿ I’m training according to thosegoals, instead of numbers on a scale.
Rather than ＿20＿ over thescale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and youroverall energy level.

1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D.Besides
2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps
3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D.initially
4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. acceptingD. recording
5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify
6. A. Depiction B. distribution C.prediction D. definition 
7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. alongwith D. due to
8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D.orderly
9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D.claims
10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead
11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D.report
12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. accountfor D. depend on
13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D.prepare
14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results
15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored
16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle
17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D.request
18. A. Surprising B. restricting C.consuming D. disappointing
19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if
20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphingD. obsessing
 
答案：

1. 邏輯關系題：文章第一句說定期稱體重是一個很好的方式，空格后談到 hurt 傷害 ia，所 以前后構成轉(zhuǎn)折相反關系，需要填入一個轉(zhuǎn)折詞，選 C however。干擾項 A 因此，B 否則， D 除此之外。都不符合題意。
2. 詞性題：空前提到傷害大，空格內(nèi)需要填入與 hurt 的反義詞，正確的是 Dhelp 有幫助。 干擾項 A 關心，B 警告，C 減少。
3. 副詞題：這句意思是我們會把關注點由原來的通常關注體重和健康轉(zhuǎn)移到__關注體重秤 上面來。此處需要與 generally 通常相反的詞，正確的是 solely 僅僅。干擾項 B 偶爾，C 正 式與句意不符。
4. 詞性題：僅僅想著__體重秤上的數(shù)字，答案是 Alowering 降低，此處用了僅僅用來加強 語氣不能選其他，B 解釋，C 接受，D 記錄。
5. 詞性題：我需要訓練來__目標，與 goal 搭配,最適合的是 reach 達到，干擾項 A set 設置， B 審查，D 修正
6. 詞性題目：準確的__我的努力，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，應該用 depiction 描述，不能用預測 predict， 其他詞義 distribution 分配 definition 定義 都不對
7. 邏輯題：___改變訓練項目，需要三周到一個月時間來注意到體重的明顯變化, 此處構成 因果關系，選 D due to 由于，其他 A 不顧，B 除了， C 和都不符合
8. 詞性題：前一句講過體重的變化是最不明顯的需要耗費三周到一個月，所以此處講的應該是最明顯的變化，因此選 C 立即的。
9. 邏輯題：前后構成因果關系，因為這些原因，我改變每天秤體重的做法。正確答案 reasons
10. 邏輯題：前半句和后半句明顯是一種對比關系，因此選 D instead 反而。
11. 詞性題：空后是體重，A track 追蹤，正確。B overlook 忽視，C conceal 掩蓋，D report 報道，意思不符合。
12. 并列結構：and 前面 observe 觀察，與它意思相近的是 C account for 解釋說明，每隔一 周稱體重，讓我觀察到一些明顯的體重變化并且為他尋找原因。其他項 A 批準贊成，B 緊 緊抓住 ,D 依賴 不符合題意 
13. 詞性題：那會告訴我如何__我的訓練計劃，正確答案是adjust 調(diào)整，其他選項 A 分享， C 確認 D 準備
14. 詞性題：需要填入的是名詞，我會從半月體重稱量__得到信息。正確答案是 Dresults 結 果，其他項 A 特色，B 規(guī)則 ,C 測試不符合題意
15. 并列結構：and 后是體重下降，此處是并列關系，選擇 B 饑餓。其他項 A 焦慮，C 疾病的 ,D 無聊的不符合題意
16. 詞性題：體重下降，那是一個__我需要增加卡路里攝入，C 信號，正確。其他項 A 秘 密,B 信念 D 原則 不符合題意
17. 詞性題：to 后面的結構是修飾這個空，即停止每天稱體重的__ B 決定，正確。其他項 A 必要性,C 希望 D 請求 不符合題意
18. 詞性題：of 后邊結構修飾前面的burden 負擔，所以我們此處填入的形容詞也必然是不 好的 D 失望的，正確。其他項 A 驚訝的,C 限制的 C 消耗的不符合題意
19. A 邏輯題：前半句講獲得成功是結果，填入的應該是因為 because 正確。其他項 B 如果 不,C 直到 D 如果 不符合題意
20. D 詞性題：此處要填入一個動詞，rather than 兩個句子構成對比關系，所以我們需要選 出與 focus 意思相近的詞，幾個詞組都可搭配 over， obsess 癡迷 D 正確。其他項 A 統(tǒng)治,B 迷惑 C 成功不符合題意
 
SectionII Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
 
Text1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger,guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp ofsocial and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”;rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents andfriends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child whoclaims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it isengaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap.It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeplyuncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted withstones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and whatrole guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a largerrecognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous inone context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, mayhave evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (thinkmania) can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans  to atone for errorsand fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperativespecies together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, apsychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests thatguilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Maltiand others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy)may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who arelow in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy cansubstitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’sself-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his orher tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moraltransgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, andgiven a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become moresympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of ourempathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”

21.  Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it mayhelp__________.
A. regulate a child’s basic emotions
B. improve a child’s intellectual ability
C. intensify a child’s positive feelings
D. foster a child’s moral development
22.  According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be_________.
A. deceptive
B. addictive
C. burdensome
D. inexcusable
23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from anawareness that________.
A. an emotion can play opposing roles
B. emotions are socially constructive
C. emotional stability can benefit health
D. emotions are context -independent
24.  Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.
A. may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can bring about emotional satisfaction
C. can result from either sympathy or guilt
D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts
25.  The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.
A. wrongdoings B. discussions C. restrictions  D. teachings

21. 答案【A】foster a child’smoral development 
解析：本題目為因果關系題，考察因果關系對應關系。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞guiltcan be a good thing 定位到第一段最后一句。因果關系題找到原因定位句，根據(jù)最后一句 this is why……可得知 應該是題點的上一句，即第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Children aren\'tborn knowing how to say “ I am sorry”; rather, they learn over time that suchstatements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences.”，這句的意思是孩子不是生來就知道如何說“對不起”，而是隨著時間而學習到的，這種說法可以安慰一下他的父母朋友，以及他們自己的道德心（良 心）。但是這句話實際是個例子，所以我們可以進一步往前看一句，就是第一段第一句的后 半句主句，“guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms.內(nèi)疚出現(xiàn)的稍晚一點，伴隨著孩子對于社會和道德準則的理解的逐漸增多”這句 就可以得出答案 A，foster achild’s moral development 培養(yǎng)了孩子的道德發(fā)展是 a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms 這句的同義改寫。干擾項 B 的 regulate a child\'s basic emotions 原文提及到基本情感，但并未提及 regulate 管理，干擾項 C. improve a child\'sintellectual ability 和 D. intensity a child’s positive feelings 都為提及。
22. 答案【D】burdensome 
解析：本題目為具體細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的 many peoplestill consider guilt to be 定位到原文 第二段的第一和第二句，原文的 in the popularimagination 與題干中的 manypeople still consider 是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，緊接著第二句繼續(xù)說 it is deeply uncomfortable-it’s emotional equivalent of wearing ajacket weighted with stones,意思是內(nèi)疚感是讓人感到非常不舒服的，它是穿著石頭那么重的夾克在情感上的對等物，意思就是內(nèi)疚感讓人感到很沉重，有負擔，而正確答案 D 的 burdensome 正是是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。A 是不可原諒的， B 是欺騙，C 是上癮的，都不符合文意。
23. 答案【B】 an emotion can play opposing roles
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞 Vaish hold that rethinking about guilt 定位到第二段第四句。她補充道，在某種情況下可能有利的得情緒在另一種情況下是有害的， 后面具體例子，嫉妒和憤怒可能演變成提醒我們注意重要的不平等。正確答案 B的 emotion 是原文 feelings 的同義替換，can play opposing roles 是原文的 advantageous in one context maybe harmful in another 的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項 A 的context-independent 獨立于環(huán)境和原文提及不 同的環(huán)境情緒的作用不同相反，屬于正反混淆；選項 C 的 socially constructive 原文并未提 及，屬于無中生有；選項 D 的 emotionalstability can benefit health 情緒穩(wěn)定能夠有益健康，并 未提及，是常識性干擾
24. 答案【C】 can result from either sympathy orguilt 
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞 Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing 定位到第四段第三句。馬爾蒂和其他人已經(jīng)表明，內(nèi)疚和同情可能 代表合作和分享的不同途徑。正確答案 C 的 sympathy 和 guilt 是文中的原詞， result from 是原文 represent 的同義替換，干擾項 A 可能幫助糾正情緒缺陷，原文是 compensate for anemotional deficiency 彌補感情上的缺陷，并且原文主語只有內(nèi)疚感并沒有同情，屬于偷換概念。屬于正反混淆；選項 B can bring aboutemotional satisfaction 可以帶來情緒的滿足感， 原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；選項 D 的 may be the outcome of impulsiveacts 可能是沖  動行為的結果，原文是內(nèi)疚會抑制他們更壞的沖動，屬于偷換概念。
25. 答案【A】 wrongdoings 
解析：本題目為猜詞題，考察上下文內(nèi)容。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第五段第四句。hisor her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moraltransgressions. 在道德什 么之后感到負面情緒，肯定是道德負面的狀態(tài)下才會有負面情緒，正確答案 A 的 wrongdoings 是錯誤，不道德行為。干擾項 B discussions 討論，和原文意思不符，道德討 論不成立，C 選項restrictions 道德限制，不成立。選項 D 的 teachings 教誨;學說;
 
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in thefight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up agood share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilityto do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us withforests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves strikinga subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable \"carbon sinks\"long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbonnow. Californiais leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out thedetails.
The state\'s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts tothin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including bycontrolled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But theremaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they growand thrive, restoring the forest\'s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape isrendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees areconsumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of themin 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.
California\'s plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020,and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state\'s emissions-permitauctions. That\'s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, anestimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritizeareas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody materialremoved from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned asbiofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used incompost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way,and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. Infuture the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests\' carbon-storingcapacity every five years.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, includingthose owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they\'ve focused onwildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have theycome to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California\'s plan, whichis expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as amodel. 

26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. forests may become a potential threat
C. people may misunderstand global warming
D. extreme weather conditions may arise
27.  To maintain forests as valuable \"carbon sinks\", we mayneed to _
A.preserve diversity of species
B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
C. accelerate the growth of young trees
D. strike a balance among different plants
28.  California\'sForest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___
A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.
B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. reduce the density of some of its forests
29.  What is essential to California\'splan according to para. 5?
A. To obtain enough financial support
B. To carry it out before 2020
C. To handle the areas in the serious danger first
D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions
30.  the author\'s attitude toward California\'s plan can be best described as____
A. supportive B. ambiguous C. tolerant D. cautious

26. 答案【B】 forests may become a potentialthreat
解析：本題目為推斷題，考察推理判斷能力。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞 One ofthe harder challenges 定位到第一段第一，二句。森林為我們提供了陰涼、寧靜的環(huán)境，是應對氣候變化斗爭中更艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)之一。即使我們?nèi)祟愔竿治瘴覀兩a(chǎn)的大部分二氧化碳，我們也威脅著森 林吸收二氧化碳的能力。正確答案 B 的 forests may become a potentialthreat 森林可能成為潛 在的威脅，是原文 we are threatening their ability to do so. 我們也威脅著森林吸收二氧化碳的 能力的同義替換，選項中的 threat 替換原文的 threatening。干擾項 A 的 globalclimate change may get out of contro 全球氣候變化可能失控原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；選項 C 的 people maymisunderstand global warming 人們可能誤解全球變暖 原文并未提及，屬于無中生有； 選項 D的 extremeweather conditions may arise 可能出現(xiàn)極端天氣情況并未提及，是過度推理。
27. 答案【B】 lower their present carbon-absorbingcapacity 
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞 Tomaintain forests as valuable \"carbon sinks\",定位到第二段第二句。Helping forests flourishas valuable \"carbon sinks\" long into the future may require reducingtheir capacity to sequester carbon now.隨著\"carbon sinks\"長期存在，幫助森林繁榮可能需要減少它們現(xiàn)在吸收碳的能力。題干中的 need 定位原文中的 require， 正確答案 lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity 降低他們目前的碳吸收能力，lower 降 低替換原文的 reducing 減少，capacity 文中原詞，carbon-absorbing 替換原文 sequester carbon。干擾項 A 的 preservediversity of species 保護物種多樣性，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；選項 C 的 accelerate the growth of youngtrees 促進幼樹生長，選項Dstrike a balance among different plants 在不同植物之間取得平衡，故正確答案為 B
28 答案【D】 reduce the density of some of itsforests
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞California\'s Forest Carbon Plan 第 三段第一句，題干中 endeavors to 努力做替換原文的 double efforts to，原文 thin out young trees and clearbrush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning 通過控制燃燒，使部分 森林中的幼樹變薄，清除灌木。選項 D reduce the density of some of its forests 減少一些森林 的密度，正是原文幼樹變薄，清除灌木的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。干擾項 A restore its forests quickly after wildfires.野火過后迅速恢復森林。無關信息。選項 B cultivate moredrought resistant trees. 培 育更多的抗旱樹木。正反混淆。選項 C，find more effective ways to killinsects 找到更有效的 殺蟲方法，屬于無關信息。
29 答案【C】To handle the areas in the seriousdanger first 先處理嚴重危險地區(qū)
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞 California\'splan according to para. 5 定位到第五段第二句，題干中的 essential 替換到 so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk offire or drought.中的 important，因此，將火災或干旱風險最大的地區(qū)列為優(yōu)先 重點將是重要的。正確選項 C To handle the areas in the serious danger first 先處理嚴重危險地 區(qū)，其中原文 prioritize 替換選項 handle ...first, areas in the serious danger 替換原文的 areas at greatest risk。干擾選項 ATo obtain enough financialsupport，獲得足夠的財政支持，原文并未 提及，屬于常識性干擾。B 選項 To carry it out before 2020 在 2020 年前實施 選項 DTo perfect the emission-permit auctions 完善排污權拍賣制度，均屬于無關信息。
30 答案【A】supportive
解析：本題目為態(tài)度題，考察作者態(tài)度。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞California\'s plan 定位到最后一段 最后一句，California\'s plan, which isexpected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as amodel.預計明年年初州長將敲定該法案，這應該可以作為一個范例，起到榜 樣作用，因此作者采取正面態(tài)度，A supportive 支持的，B ambiguous 含糊的 C. tolerant 忍受 的 D. cautious 謹慎的，只有 A 表達正面支持的態(tài)度 
 
Text 3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages forseveral years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and asimilarly sustained pickup in theU.S.job market, the complaints areunlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visathat would enable foreign workers to stay longer in theU.S.and changejobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’tchange, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half ofU.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter theU.S., thecharacteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farmlaborers, while still predominantly born inMexico, are more likely to besettled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. Theyare also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workerswere over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard onolder bodies.
One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausibleas it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.
In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded, “There isvirtually no supply of native manual farm laborers” in the state. This was trueeven in the depths of a severe recession.
Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Productionof corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, butmany high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Evendairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have along way to go before they are automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporaryguest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa fornonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employersfrequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. Theprocess is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found thatbureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 dayslate. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which removesome workers and drive others underground.
Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the governmentprovides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business. In a2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers andnearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations toMexico. Withoutreliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to movesouth.
According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising shareof it is grown elsewhere. In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americansconsumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of importedfruit had increased to 25.8 percent. RuralU.S.communities that might havebenefited didn’t. 
In effect, theU.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. TheU.S.needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-yearvisa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard againstexploitation and a viable path toU.S.residency for workers who meetthe requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortagesand uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.
31.  What problem should be addressed according to the first twoparagraphs?
A. discrimination against foreign workers in theU.S.
B. biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C. flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers.
D. decline of job opportunities inUSagriculture.
32.   One trouble with US. Agriculture workforce is___
A. the rising number of illegal immigrants.
B. the high mobility of crop workers.
C. the lack of experienced labors.
D. the aging of immigrant farm workers.
33.   What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in USfarming?
A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B. To get native US workers back to farming.
C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D. To strengthen financial support for famers.
34.   Agriculture employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____?
A. slow granting procedures.
B. limit on duration of stay.
C. tightened requirements.
D. control of annual admissions.
35.   Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A.USAgriculture in Decline.
B. Import Food or Labor?
C. America Saved byMexico?
D. Manpower vs. Automation?
31. 答案 C. flaws inUS immigration rules for farm workers.
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。題目問的是應該被解決的問題是什么，所以先定位 到第一段，在第二句話中有提到，在沒有對于農(nóng)場工人相關的移民規(guī)則進行徹底修訂之前， 抱怨是不會停止的。由此可見，之所以抱怨是因為有問題。所以，問題就和移民規(guī)則有關。 選項 C 就有提到，其中 flaw 就是問題，瑕疵的意思。
32. 答案 D. theaging of immigrant farm workers.
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。題目問的是美國農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力的問題之一是什么。根 據(jù)段落定位到第三段，在倒數(shù)第三句有提到，他們也正在變老。后面舉例說世紀初的時候， 三分之一的工人是 35 歲以上，現(xiàn)在是超過一半。這和選項 C 的內(nèi)容不謀而合。
33. 答案 B. To getnative US workers back to farming.
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。題目問的是美國農(nóng)業(yè)勞動力缺乏的解決方案是什么。  根據(jù)段落定位到第四段，這種勞動力缺乏的解決方案之一仍舊是一如既往的不合理，冒號后 面提到本土的工人是不會回到農(nóng)場的。由此可見，解決方法就是讓美國人自己去干活。這和 選項 B 是一樣的。
34. 答案 A. slowgranting procedures.
解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。題目問的是農(nóng)場主們抱怨 H-2A 的原因是什么。根 據(jù)專有名詞定位在第 7 和 8 段，又根據(jù)題干另一關鍵詞 employer 可以直接定位在第 8 段的 第二句話：雇主們經(jīng)常抱怨說他們分配不到所有需要的工人。緊接著就提到了過程很繁瑣，昂貴和不可靠。所以，他們不滿的就是這個過程，對應到了procedure.
35. 答案 B. ImportFood or Labor?
解析：本題目為主旨題。文章在第一段就提到美國勞動力缺乏，緊接著提到了現(xiàn)狀以及解決 方案的不足，然后在最后一段進行總結，美國要么進口食品，要么進口勞動力。所以選項 B 最概括，最全面。
 
Text 4
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a messagefor you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebritiesstaring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer,to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.
If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problemexcept we can’t.
The key messages that have been put together for World EnvironmentDay do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-usplastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead withyour wallets.
The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is thatit\'s not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense.Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It\'s in our drinking water (includingbottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.
I\'m not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-freedrinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that\'s goingin the trash as soon as you\'ve used it. I can\'t imagine not at least trying tominimize my own plastics footprint, whether it\'s lugging home my newly-refilledgallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-freefood, clothing and toiletries where possible.
On their own, however, none of these things is enough.
Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we\'reall just guessing at what\'s going on out there-and that\'s if we haven\'t beenscared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a hugechallenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has beenused and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It\'s also hard tocompare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products butrequires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may endup taking home some packaged items.
There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I\'m not going tostart making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles theycome in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendlyproducts. 
My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, isour limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our ownbags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, willaccomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have \"done our bit\" without ever progressingonto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of \"morallicensing\" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and askingmore of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibilitytoward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we\'re ignoring thebalance of power that implies that as \"consumers\" we must shopsustainably, rather than as \"citizens\" hold our governments and industriesto account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day2018\'s key messages is there anything about voting for environmentallyprogressive politicians, for example. Why not?
It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’spriority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latestbook, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley Collegeprofessor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively changethe behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that addsa cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plasticsaltogether.Indiahas just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmentalchoices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trashdisposal.
De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about theenvironment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for thatto be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just aboutputting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We needprogressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in pollutingbusiness), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not somethingwe can buy.
36.  Some celebrities star in a new video to
A. demand new laws on the use of plastics
B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
37.  The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may
A. mislead us into doing worthless things
B. prevent us from making further efforts
C. weaken our sense of accomplishment
D. suppress our desire for success
38.  By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicatesthat 
A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B. our relationship with local industries is improving
C. we have been actively exercising our civil rights
D. We should press our governments to lead the combat
39.  De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective changeshould be
A. a win-win arrangement
B. a self-driven mechanism
C. a cost- effective approach
D. a top down process
40.  The author concludes that individual efforts
A. can be too aggressive
B. are far from sufficient
C. can be too inconsistent
D. are far from rational
36. 答案【B】 urge consumers to cut the use ofplastics
解析：根據(jù)題干的關鍵詞 celebrities, star, in anew video,我們可以回文定位到第一段第二句話 “They are part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for...” 出 現(xiàn)此 事 的 目 的 是 “encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plasticstaples to combat the plastic crisis.”由此可見第二個選項和原文屬于統(tǒng)一置換，得答案。
37. 答案【B】prevent us from making furtherefforts
解析：此題干是作者 concerned，還有一個關鍵詞“moral licensing”回文定位到第九段，段首 my biggest concern 定位；“without ever progressive ontobigger, bolder, more effective actions” 即 moral licensing。Without 的內(nèi)容就是作者最擔憂的內(nèi)容，此題得解。
38. 答案【D】we should press our governments tolead the combat
解析：通過題干關鍵詞“citizens”定位到第十段一句話。詞句中是一個比較結構 rather thancitizens hold our governments and industries to account to push to real systemicchange,這句話的 主語是我們忽視的內(nèi)容是這樣子的，那由 rather than 進行轉(zhuǎn)折，作者的觀點就是我們不應忽略的內(nèi)容，所以，和第三個答案異曲同工，都是希望政府起到主導作用。
39. 答案【D】 a top-down process
解析：通過題干人名，最好的方式，collective change 定位到倒數(shù)第四段最后一句；最好的 方式是直接定位到 for the change to be structural.由此可見是結構性的變革，再加上下面兩段的例證，得此題答案徹底性的變革。
40. 答案【B】 are far from sufficient
解析：根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段。第一句說并不是個體不重要，第二句說只是我們要換個角 度，第三句我們不能等，第四句我們需要 progressivepolicies...等等，都說明個體重要但是這 個是力量有限的，需要其他方面的跟進。所以此題選擇了第二個選項。
 
Part B 
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing themost suitable subheading from the list A–G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41–45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Markyour answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Five ways to make conversation with anyone in choosing a new home,Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.
McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an option whenit comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily onparents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of morethan 2000USadults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leavekids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologistshave mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’opinions may have.
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great ideabecause it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can bean overwhelming process, and Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.
“ Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significantmoves, especially if it removes them from their current school or supportsystem,” he said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo RealtyAssociates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting ahome- but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friendsand social activities, if possible.
Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home-without actually getting a choice in the matter, said ADAM Bailey, a realestate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they likeabout the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re beingincluded in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
Many of the aspects of home buying aren’t a consideration forchildren, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic homepurchase.
“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decisionis wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.
The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - maybase their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The NorrisGroup in Riverside , Calif .
“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s notshelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious moneyconsequences.”
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits tothem personally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desiresmay change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst withFitSmallBusiness.com. 
“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it maybe to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’sopinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home canmeet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit andmake it their own.”
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as moreparents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housingcrunch.
 

A. notes that aspects like children’s  friends and social activities should be considered up on home-buying.
41. Ryan Hopper
B. believes that home-buying should be  based on children’s need’s rather than their opinions.
42. Adam Bailey
C. Assumes that many children’s views on  real estate are influenced by the media.
43. Tracey Hampson
D. remarks that significant moves may  pose challenges to children.
44. Aaron Norris
E. says that it is wise to leave kids in  the dark about real estate decisions.
45. Julie Garner
F. advise that home purchase should not  be based only on children’s opinions.

G. thinks that children should be given a  sense of involvement in home-buying decisions.
 
41.【D】 解析：根據(jù) Ryan Hooper 定位到文章第四段和第五段，其中第五段提到：“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significantmoves, especially if it removes them from their current school or supportsystem,” he said. 其中，significant moves 和 children 都在 D 選項中復現(xiàn)，而 childrenmay face serious difficulties 與 D 選項 中的..may pose challenges to children 是同義替換，故 D 為正確答案。

42.【G】 解析：根據(jù) Adam Bailey 定位到文章第七段和第八段，其中第八段提到：Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of apotential home — or asking them where their toys would go in the house — willmake them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said. 其中， feel likethey’re being included in the decision-making process 恰好與 G 選項 a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions 形成同義替換，故 G 為正確答案

43.【F】 解析：根據(jù) TraceyHampson 定位到文章第九段和第十段，其中第十段提到：but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions。其中, base...on decision 和 purchase 都在 F 選項中復現(xiàn)，而 solely 與 F 選項中的 only 是同義替換， 故 F 為正確答案。

44.【C】 解析：根據(jù) Anron Norris 定位到文章第十一段、第十二段和第十三段，其中第十一段提到：The other issue is that manychildren — especially older ones — may base their real estate knowledge on HGTVshows...。其中, realestate 和 children 都在 C 選項中復現(xiàn)，而 base...on HGTV shows 與 C 選項中的 areinfluenced by the media 是同義替換，故 C 為正確答案。

45.【B】 解析：根據(jù) Julie Gurner 定位到文章第十四段和第十五段，其中第十五段提到：...that decision should likely notbe made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with greatconsideration into what home can meet their needs best..。其中, decision should likely not bemade...on a child’s opinions, but rather...can meet their needs 與 B 選項中的...decision should be based on children’s needs rather than theiropinions 是同義替換，故 B 為正確答案。

Section III Translation

46. Directions: Translatethe following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He hadsuch a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitateit. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’tthe time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popularopinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a goat the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final polished work that he have to the world was the result of years ofpracticing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had tosuffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these  made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in theliteracy field was no exception.
【真題譯文】 人們很容易低估了英國小說家詹姆斯·赫里歐。他的作品有一種令人愉快、易讀 的風格，大概就讓人以為任何人都能模仿他。我總是聽人說：我也可以寫書，就 是我沒有時間。這話說得輕松，做得到可不容易。與大眾的觀點相反，詹姆斯·赫 里歐在他早期，用他的話說，“在寫作游戲中嘗試”并不容易。他顯然極具天賦， 但他留給世人的最終的、精雕細琢的作品卻是多年練習、重寫和閱讀的結果。和大多數(shù)作家一樣，他在寫作過程中也遭受了許多失望和拒絕，但這些都使他更加堅定了成功的決心。他一生中所取得的一切成就都是來之不易的，他在文學領域 的成功也不例外。

Section IV Writing
Part A

47. Directions:
Suppose professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme ofcity traffic. Write him an email to
1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2) tell him your arrangement. You should write about 100 words onthe ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not writeyour address. (10 points)
解析： 今年的英語二小作文又考察了書信的形式，還是在意料之中的。從歷年來的考查形式來看：無論是英語一還是英語二，小作文考查書信類和告示類兩種。其中，從近年的考頻來說， 書信是考查的重點。在英語二中，小作文考查了 10 年，其中，9 年都考查到了書信。但從 內(nèi)容來說今年的英語二的小作文有點難度。再次考察了介紹性的內(nèi)容為主的信。英語二之前的小作文雖然考過介紹性的信，但都是內(nèi)容相對單一的話題，如 17 年考察的介紹中國文化 的演講內(nèi)容的介紹，這一次不僅有安排介紹，還要給出建議的主題和原因，內(nèi)容比較多樣，不像之前的建議話題那樣單一。
寫作時，按照一般順序。第一段寫過渡性內(nèi)容和寫信目的；第二段具體給出擬定的討論 話題并給出理由和討論的安排；第三段表達客套性內(nèi)容和期待。本文的三段內(nèi)容可以這樣安排：。一段中因為本文的收信人是教授，屬于稍正式的信件，但畢竟是認識的人，所以在第一段就不寫自我介紹了，表達很開心接到這個任務并會認真完成，之后說明寫信目的。第二段具體給出一個討論的主題并給出原因和安排。第三段表示希望對方給予建議并期待討論會圓滿舉辦。
另外，注意小作文的評分側重點。考研大綱指出：A 節(jié)作文的評分側重點在于信息點 的覆蓋、內(nèi)容的組織、語言的準確性、格式和語域的恰當。對語法結構和詞匯多樣性的要求  將根據(jù)具體試題作調(diào)整。允許在作文中使用提示語中出現(xiàn)過的個別關鍵詞或詞組，但使用提 示語中出現(xiàn)過的句子將被扣分。這一點一定要引起重視！

范文：
Dear Prof.Smith,
I feel really delighted and honored to have the opportunity tosuggest and plan a debate on the theme of city traffic, and I’m writing tocontribute my personal view on this debate.
I would be ready to discuss this matter in further details. As forthe topic, I hold the opinion that we may focus on “Low-carbon Commuting”.Owing to the fact that the quality of air in our city is far from satisfyingand most of us frequently experience traffic jam due to too many private car onthe road, it is environment-friendly to choose those clean-energy vehicles andpublic transportation. The debate will explore some specific effective measuresto achieve low carbon transport. Participants can be divided into two groups topresent their view alternatively and the one contribute more appealing meanswill be the winner and awarded prizes.
Those two aspects are what I would like to emphasize, and I wouldlike to know of your opinions on this and I wish you could give me some furtherideas on it. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
 
Part B

48. Directions:
Write an essay based onthe chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart,and
2) give your comments. Youshould write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)



一段：As isapparently demonstrated in the bar chart above, we are informed someinformation in terms of the changes of college graduates’ choices after theirgraduation in 2013 and 2018. To be more specific, the number of those choosingto engage in a job declined slightly, decreasing approximately 8%, from 68.1%in 2013 to 60.7% in 2018. On the contrary, the amount of those who selected topursue further  study rose remarkably,increasing roughly 8%. While the quantity of those who started a businessremained stable and steady, accounting for the least proportions. 
二段： There are diverse componentscontributing to the above trend, but generally speaking, they may put down tothe following three aspects. Initially, there is no denying that in the pastyears, quite a few students may be confronted with pressure from finance andfamily, as a result of which, they tend to chiefly choose to take a job tocover their living expenses, however, recent years it has been obvious to seethe recession of economy, so an increasing number of students would like toweapon themselves through pursuing further study. Additionally, in recentyears, we have witnessed serious employment situations, coupled with a factthat an amount of individuals would like to fulfill the dreams with highereducation, or alternatively some with the intention to broaden their horizonsat universities, which triggers people in mounting numbers to select to pursuefurther study. Ultimately, there is another factor that starting an undertakingis an effective approach to fulfill a dream as a boss and to create more value,nevertheless, they may be faced with a great deal of risks on the way tostarting a business, which should be taken into account.
三段： Based onthe discussion above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that diverse motivesdrive college students to make various choices after their graduation. Giventhe reasons above, it is well predicted that there will be an increasing numberof graduates to choose to engage in work or pursue further study in theforthcoming years. However, facing choices, there is no right or wrong,whichever road you may select, only through constant efforts, can you fulfillyour dreams. 2019 級考研英語二結束之后看到大家發(fā)的狀態(tài)非常好，這也反映出了今年英語二試卷的難易程度。整體來看英語二的試卷偏向于簡單，寫作也是如此。橫向與英語一對比，英語二試 卷比英語一簡單太多， 縱向和歷年真題對比，今年的英語二也是比較簡單的。下面帥波老師全面給大家解析英語二的寫作解析。今年英語二的大作文題目如下： 

2013年和2018年本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)去向

 
對于這個題目，考生應該確定是什么類型的圖標，很明顯，這是一個柱狀圖。然后確定話題和主題詞，主題詞是關于大學畢業(yè)生的畢業(yè)去向選擇問題，這是一個現(xiàn)象評述型作文。 全文分成三段，不需要寫標題。
第一段大致寫 3-4 句。第一句是主題句，也就是告訴別人這是一個關于什么的大作文， 可以這樣寫：這個柱狀圖清晰地反映了 2013 年和 2018 年大學畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)去向的選擇變化。 然后第二句、第三句和第四句都是對于圖表中具體數(shù)據(jù)的描述。描圖這三句話句是最難寫的，沒有現(xiàn)成的模板可以參考。第二句，先介紹選擇就業(yè)的學生數(shù)量變化，2018 年和 2013 年相 比數(shù)量稍微下降。第三句話，寫選擇升學深造的學生數(shù)量上升。第四句，寫選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)的學生數(shù)量基本保持穩(wěn)定，是占比例最小的。
第二段大概寫 4 句話。第一句是分析原因之前的總體概括句。第二句是原因一，即分析 選擇就業(yè)的學生數(shù)量稍微下降的原因，考生可以從就業(yè)形勢嚴峻這個角度來寫。第三句是原 因二，這一句分析選擇升學深造的學生數(shù)量上升的原因，可以寫為了豐富自己、實現(xiàn)高學歷 的夢想或者開拓眼界等角度來寫。第四句是原因三，這一句分析創(chuàng)業(yè)的人數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定占比例最小的原因，考生可以寫創(chuàng)業(yè)有風險或者缺少資金的角度來寫。
第三段會寫 3 句話。第一句是結論句，得出一個結論，即基于上述的分析或者討論，我們可以很有把握得得出一個結論，不同的動機激勵著大學生做出不同的選擇。第二句是趨勢預測，可以這樣寫，鑒于上述原因，可以很好地預測到在未來的幾年會有更多的學生選擇繼續(xù)深造或者就業(yè)。最后一句是全文結尾句，提出美中不足，或者給出建議，考生可以這樣寫：面對選擇，沒有對錯之分，要實現(xiàn)夢想一定通過不斷的努力。

2019年考研已經(jīng)到今天已經(jīng)告一段落，今年的考研人數(shù)是史上之最，人數(shù)最多的一年。對完答案，是狂喜還是失落。
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